Bisphenol A (BPA): Ɔdansifo titiriw a ɔyɛ nneɛma a ɛyɛ adwuma yiye
In - depth Nhwehwɛmu a ɛfa Mfitiaseɛ Physicochemical Properties ho
Molekyul Nhyehyɛe a Ɛyɛ Soronko: BPA molecule no yɛ phenolic hydroxyl akuw abien a ɛka propane nnompe bi ho. Saa nhyehyɛe yi ma ɛyɛ nnuru soronko bi. Phenolic hydroxyl akuw abien no ma BPA nya nucleophilicity a emu yɛ den, na ɛma etumi ne nneɛma ahorow di dwuma. Bere koro no ara mu no, propane nnompe no ma molecule no nya kateeyɛ ne steric akwanside bi, na nya BPA paw ne dwumadi so nkɛntɛnso wɔ nnuru ahorow mu.
Nneɛma a Ɛwɔ Honam Fam: BPA wɔ nsuo a ɛyɛ 158 - 159°C, ne boɔ yɛ 400.8°C, na ne duru bɛyɛ 1.195g/cm3. Ne nwene ne nnoɔma a ɛkorɔn no hwɛ ma ɛgyina pintinn wɔ ɔhyew ne nhyɛso a ɛfata ase, bere a ne density a ɛfata di dwuma wɔ dwumadie tebea horow a ɛhwehwɛ sɛ nneɛma pɔtee bi yɛ den, te sɛ plastic ne resins binom a wɔsiesie, baabi a BPA density su betumi aka honam fam su ne nwene dwumadie a ɛfa nneɛma a ɛtwa toɔ no ho. Ɛyɛ nea ɛtumi nwura carbon tetrachloride mu kakra, ɛkame ayɛ sɛ ɛtumi nwura nsuo mu, nanso ɛtumi nwura mu wɔ organic solvents ahodoɔ a wɔtaa de di dwuma mu, na saa nsuo a ɛtumi nwura mu su yi na ɛkyerɛ ne dwumadie dwumadie ne akwan a wɔfa so de di dwuma wɔ solvent nhyehyɛeɛ ahodoɔ mu.
Kratasin a Wɔde Hwɛ Bisphenol A a Ɛyɛ Paara
| Analyte a wɔde yɛ nhwehwɛmu | Ɔfa | Nsɛm a Wɔakyerɛkyerɛ mu | Nsunsuansoɔ | Ɔkwan a Wɔfa so Sɔ Sɔhwɛ |
| Mmaeɛ | / . | White granular anaa flaky, Enni mfiri mu efĩ | White granular, Enni mfiri mu efĩ | GB/T 28113-2011 na ɛwɔ hɔ |
| Bisphenol A. a wɔde yɛ aduru | Mu/% | ≥99.85 na ɛwɔ hɔ | 99.925 na ɛwɔ hɔ | GB/T 28113-2011 na ɛwɔ hɔ |
| Phenol a wɔfrɛ no phenol | Mu/% | ≤0.005 na ɛwɔ hɔ | 0.001 na ɛwɔ hɔ | GB/T 28113-2011 na ɛwɔ hɔ |
| 2,4-Isomer na ɛwɔ hɔ | Mu/% | ≤0.050 na ɛwɔ hɔ | 0.01 na ɛwɔ hɔ | GB/T 28113-2011 na ɛwɔ hɔ |
| Crystalline Point a Ɛyɛ Ahwehwɛ | °C | ≥156.6 na ɛwɔ hɔ | 157.2 | GB/T 28113-2011 na ɛwɔ hɔ |
| Chroma a Wɔabɔ no Nwene | Kɔla, Pt-Co (Hazen Kuw) . | ≤20 na ɛwɔ hɔ | 10. 10. Ɔde ne nsa kyerɛɛ ne so | GB/T 28113-2011 na ɛwɔ hɔ |
| Ano aduru Chroma | Kɔla, Pt-Co (Hazen Kuw) . | / . | 5. 5. | GB/T 28113-2011 na ɛwɔ hɔ |
| Nsuo | Mu/% | ≤0.08 na ɛwɔ hɔ | 0.02 na ɛwɔ hɔ | GB/T 6283-2008 na ɛwɔ hɔ |
Nneɛma Titiriw a Wɔde Di Dwuma wɔ Mfuw Pii Mu
Plastic ne Resin a Wɔyɛ:
Polycarbonate (PC) a Wɔyɛ: BPA ne ade titiriw a wɔde yɛ polycarbonate (PC). Polycarbonate da nsow wɔ mfuw pii mu esiane ne optical transparency a eye kyɛn so (hann a ɛkɔ boro 90%), ɛko tia nsunsuanso kɛse (250 - 300 mpɛn boro ahwehwɛ a ɛyɛ mmerɛw), dimensional stability pa, ne ɔhyew a ɛko tia (ɔhyew a wɔkyinkyim no hyew kodu 130 - 140°C). Wɔ ɛlɛtrɔnik ne anyinam ahoɔden adwumayɛ mu no, wɔde PC di dwuma kɛse de yɛ kɔmputa, telefon a wokura kyin, ne ɛlɛtrɔnik nneɛma afoforo a wɔde akata so, a ɛnyɛ sɛ ɛma ahobammɔ a wotumi de ho to so ma emu nneɛma a ɛyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ nko na mmom ɛma nneɛma no gua so akansi nso yɛ kɛse esiane sɛnea ɛyɛ fɛ ne sɛnea ɛyɛ fɛ nti. Wɔ kar adwumayɛ mu no, wɔde PC yɛ kar kanea a wɔde kata kar anim, mfiri a wɔde yɛ kar, ne nneɛma afoforo. Hann a ɛkɔ soro a ɛwɔ kanea a wɔde kata anim no hwɛ hu sɛ anadwo karka hann, bere a nnwinnade panels no nsusuwii a ɛyɛ den no ma wonya awerɛhyem sɛ wɔbɛboaboa nneɛma ano pɛpɛɛpɛ na wɔde ahotoso a wɔde bedi dwuma bere tenten no. Wɔ adansi adwuma mu no, wɔde PC - ayɛ owia hann panels, kanea canopies, ne nneɛma afoforo di dwuma kɛse wɔ ɔmanfo adan te sɛ aguadidan akɛse ne agumadibea ahorow esiane sɛ ɛko tia nsunsuanso a ɛkyɛn so ne hann a ɛde kɔ baabiara nti, na ɛma wonya mmeae a ɛyɛ hann na ahobammɔ wom wɔ dan mu.
Epoxy Resin Synthesis: BPA nso yɛ monomer titiriw a wɔde siesie epoxy resins. Epoxy resins wɔ adhesion a ɛkyɛn so na etumi kyekyere nneɛma ahorow te sɛ dade, nnua, ne ahwehwɛ denneennen, enti ɛwɔ gyinabea titiriw wɔ adhesive field no mu. Wɔ ahunmu adwumayɛ mu no, wɔde epoxy - based adhesives di dwuma de bonding wimhyɛn nhyehyɛe afã horow de hwɛ hu sɛ wimhyɛn nhyehyɛe no mudi mu kura na ahobammɔ wom wɔ wimhyɛn tebea horow a emu yɛ den mu. Bere koro no ara mu no, epoxy resins wɔ nnuru a ɛko tia nsɛe ne nea ɛbɔ ho ban yiye na wɔde di dwuma kɛse wɔ ɛlɛtrɔnik nneɛma a wɔde kyekyere nneɛma ne nneɛma a wɔde kata so mu. Sɛ nhwɛso no, wɔtaa de epoxy resins kata circuit board ahorow a ɛwɔ ɛlɛtrɔnik mfiri mu no so de bɔ ɛlɛtrɔnik nneɛma ho ban fi nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia a ɛbɛsɛe no ho na ama ɛlɛtrɔnik mfiri ahorow no agyina pintinn na wɔatumi ayɛ adwuma yiye. Wɔ ade a wɔde kata so no, wɔde epoxy resin a wɔde kata so di dwuma de bɔ dade ani ho ban, a ebetumi ako atia nnuru te sɛ acid ne alkalis a ɛbɛsɛe no yiye na ama dade nneɛma a wɔde yɛ adwuma no akyɛ.
Nnuru Pa Afoforo a Wɔde Di Dwuma:
Ogya a Ɛmma Ogya Ntumi Nhyew: Wobetumi de BPA ayɛ nnuru a ɛmma ogya ntumi nhyew te sɛ tetrabromobisphenol A. Nneɛma a wɔde siw ogyaframa ano a wɔde ka ho no ho hia kɛse wɔ nnwuma te sɛ plastic nneɛma ne ntama mu. Wɔ plastic nneɛma mu no, nneɛma a ɛmma ogya ntumi nhyew no betumi atew nneɛma a ogya ntumi nhyew no so yiye. Sɛ wɔde to ogya fibea bi mu a, mframa a aporɔw a ɛnyɛ hyew anaasɛ carbonaceous layer a ayɛ a ogyaframa a ɛmma ogya ntumi nkɔ mu no betumi asiw oxygen ne ɔhyew a ɛkɔ baabi foforo ano na esiw ogya no trɛw ano. Sɛ nhwɛso no, sɛ wɔde nneɛma a ɛmma ogya ntumi nhyew ka plastic a wɔde ka ɛlɛtrɔnik ne anyinam ahoɔden nneɛma ho a, ebetumi atew ogya ho asiane so kɛse na abɔ nkurɔfo nkwa ne wɔn agyapade ho ban. Wɔ ntama mu no, nnuru a wɔde siw ogyaframa ano a wɔde bɛhyɛ ntade mu no betumi ama ntade anyɛ den bere a wohyia ogya fibea na ɛtew ɔhaw a ntade a ɛhyew wɔ ogya mu de ba no so.
Antioxidants ne Heat Stabilizers: Wobetumi de BPA adi dwuma sɛ antioxidant ne ɔhyew a ɛma ɔhyew wɔ plastic ne rɔba nneɛma bi mu. Bere a wɔreyɛ plastic ho adwuma no, ɛnyɛ den sɛ nneɛma te sɛ ɔhyew a ɛkɔ soro ne oxygen bɛma plastic abɔ akwakoraa na asɛe, na ɛka nneɛma no adwumayɛ ne nkwa nna a wɔde di dwuma. Sɛ́ ade a ɛko tia ɔyare mmoawa no, BPA betumi akyere free radicals a ɛwɔ plastic nhyehyɛe no mu, asiw oxidation reactions a ɛkɔ nkɔnsɔnkɔnsɔn mu no ano, na ɛtwentwɛn plastic ahorow no onyin ase. Bere koro no ara mu no, sɛ́ ɔhyew a ɛma ɔhyew no, BPA betumi ama plastic a ɛyɛ den wɔ mmeae a ɛhɔ yɛ hyew no atu mpɔn na asiw plastic kwan sɛ ɛbɛporɔw, ne kɔla asakra, ne ɔhaw afoforo bere a wɔreyɛ anaasɛ wɔde redi dwuma no. Wɔ rɔba nneɛma mu no, BPA nso betumi adi dwuma a ɛte saa ara, ama ɔhyew ne oxygen a ɛko tia rɔba no atu mpɔn na ama rɔba nneɛma te sɛ kar tae ne rɔba a wɔde hyɛ mu no nkwa nna akyɛ.
Ahobammɔ ho Akyinnyegye ne Nnwumayɛbea Mmuae
Akwahosan mu Asiane Ho Nhwehwɛmu: BPA wɔ awuduru a ɛba fam kodu baabi na etumi tu na ɛsakra wɔ nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia ne onipa nipadua mu. Nhwehwɛmu dodoɔ bi ada no adi sɛ BPA wɔ nsunsuansoɔ te sɛ estrogen - na ɛbɛtumi asiw onipa endocrine nhyehyɛeɛ kwan. Titiriw wɔ nkokoaa fam no, wɔn awo nhyehyɛe nkɔso betumi aka, na ɛde awo nhyehyɛe - nyarewa a ɛfa ho aba. Bere koro no ara mu no, BPA nso betumi akanyan insulin a ɛko tia, na ɛde akwahosan ho haw ahorow te sɛ asikre a ɛkɔ soro wɔ mogya mu ne kɛseyɛ mmoroso aba. Mmoa mu sɔhwɛ ahorow bi ada no adi sɛ mmoa a wɔsɔ hwɛ a wɔde BPA dii dwuma bere tenten no wɔ awo akwaa nyin a ɛnteɛ ne wɔn nneyɛe mu nsakrae. Ɛwom sɛ nhwehwɛmu da so ara kɔ so wɔ nkɛntɛnso a BPA nya wɔ nnipa akwahosan so ho de, nanso aman pii ayɛ nneɛma bi de asiw BPA a wɔde di dwuma wɔ nneɛma pɔtee bi mu no ano esiane akwahosan ho asiane ahorow ho dadwen nti.
Nnwumayɛbea Nnwuma ne Mmara sodi Nkɔso: Esiane ahobammɔ ho akyinnyegye a ɛwɔ BPA ho nti, aman ne mmeae pii a ɛwɔ wiase nyinaa de mmara a ɛfata aba nnidiso nnidiso de asiw ne dwumadie ano. Wɔ afe 2011 mu no, China Akwahosan Dwumadibea ne dwumadibea afoforo asia de bara a wɔabara sɛ wɔmfa BPA nni dwuma wɔ nkokoaa nufusu nkotoku a wɔyɛ, wɔde ba amannɔne, ne ne tɔn mu. Aman ne mmeae te sɛ United States, Canada, ne Europa Aman Nkabom nso asiw BPA a wɔde di dwuma wɔ nnuan a wɔde kyekyere nneɛma, nkokoaa nneɛma, ne nneɛma afoforo mu nnidiso nnidiso. Esiane sɛ nnwumakuw no hyia mmara mu ahwehwɛde ahorow yi nti, wɔde nsi rehwehwɛ akwan foforo a wɔbɛfa so asi BPA ananmu, te sɛ bisphenol S (BPS) ne diphenyl sulfone. Bere koro no ara mu no, nnwumakuw a wɔyɛ nneɛma no kɔ so reyɛ nneɛma a wɔyɛ no yiye na wɔhyɛ nneɛma a wɔyɛ no yiye sohwɛ mu den na ama BPA dodow a ɛkɔ mmeae foforo no so atew na wɔadi mmara gyinapɛn a ɛreyɛ den kɛse ne adetɔfo ahwehwɛde ahorow a ɛfa nneɛma ahobammɔ ho no ho dwuma wɔ adwene a ɛne sɛ wɔbɛhwɛ ahu sɛ nneɛma no bɛyɛ adwuma yiye. Wɔ polycarbonate ne epoxy resins a wɔyɛ mu no, nnwumakuw ma BPA dannan no tu mpɔn na ɛtew BPA a aka a ɛnyɛ adwuma wɔ nneɛma mu no so denam tebea horow a ɛma nneɛma yɛ adwuma yiye ne nhyehyɛe a ɛma nneɛma yɛ adwuma yiye no so.
Nsɛm a Wɔakyerɛkyerɛ mu
| Aguade no Edin | Bisphenol A. a wɔde yɛ aduru | |||||||||
| Nnuru a Wɔde Yɛ Nnuru | C12H12O2 | |||||||||
| Molekyul Mu Mu duru | 228.29 g/mol na ɛyɛ adwuma | |||||||||
| Mmaeɛ | Powder fitaa a ɛyɛ ahwehwɛ | |||||||||
| Nsuo a Ɛyɛ Nwene | 155–158°C na ɛwɔ hɔ | |||||||||
| Boiling Point a Ɛwɔ Hɔ | 250–252°C na ɛwɔ hɔ | |||||||||
| CAS NO | 80-05-7 na ɔkyerɛwee | |||||||||
| HS Mmara no | 29072990 na ɛwɔ hɔ | |||||||||
| EINECS NO | 201-240-4 na ɛwɔ hɔ | |||||||||
| Abisadeɛ | Ɔyɛ plasticizers, ogya a ɛmma ogya ntumi nhyew, nnuru; wɔde di dwuma wɔ coatings/adhesives mu. | |||||||||
Quality Control Krataa
| Aguade no Edin | Bisphenol A. a wɔde yɛ aduru | ||||||
| ADEƐ | STANDARD NSƐM (%) . | SƆHWƐ BALUE (%) . | |||||
| Bisphenol A Ahotew wt. | Min 99.85 na ɛwɔ hɔ | 99.93 na ɛwɔ hɔ | |||||
| Kɔla APHA | Max 5 na ɛwɔ hɔ | 5. 5. | |||||
| Phenol mg/kg | Max 100 na ɛwɔ hɔ | 56. Ɔde ne nsa kyerɛɛ ne so | |||||
| Phenol wt a wontua hwee. % . | Max 1000 na ɛwɔ hɔ | 230 na ɛwɔ hɔ | |||||
| Nsuo wt. % . | Max 0.1 na ɛwɔ hɔ | 0.03 na ɛwɔ hɔ | |||||
| Ash mg/kg | Max 5 na ɛwɔ hɔ | 0 | |||||
| Dade mg/kg | Max 0.1 na ɛwɔ hɔ | 0.03 na ɛwɔ hɔ | |||||
Dɛn Nti na Yɛpaw Yɛn BPA?
Yɛasi yɛn bo sɛ yɛde BPA nneɛma a ɛyɛ adwuma yiye na ɛyɛ den bɛma. Nkitahodi biara fi nneɛma a wɔde yɛ nneɛma a wɔtɔ so kosi nneɛma a wɔyɛ ne nea wɔyɛ so di nhyehyɛe a emu yɛ den a wɔde hwɛ nneɛma a ɛyɛ papa so de hwɛ hu sɛ nneɛma no ho tew kɛse, efĩ kakraa bi na ɛwɔ mu, na nsɛnkyerɛnne nyinaa du nnwuma gyinapɛn a ɛkorɔn ho. Yɛwɔ adwumayɛfoɔ R & D kuw a wɔbɛtumi de ano aduru a wɔayɛ ama sɛdeɛ adetɔfoɔ ahiadeɛ ahodoɔ teɛ de aboa adetɔfoɔ ama wɔanya nnoɔma foforɔ ne nkɔsoɔ wɔ mfuo te sɛ plastic, resins, ne nnuru pa mu. Bere koro no ara mu no, yɛwɔ nneɛma a wɔde ma ho nhyehyɛe a etu mpɔn de hwɛ hu sɛ wɔde nneɛma a wɔde ma wɔ bere ano na ɛyɛ pintinn de di adetɔfo nneɛma a wɔyɛ no kɛse ahiade ho dwuma. Wɔ nnwuma akyi a ɛfa BPA ahobammɔ ho akyinnyegye ho no, yɛde nsiyɛ de yɛn adwene si mmara mu nkɔso so, yɛkɔ so de sika hyɛ R & D nneɛma mu, na yɛhyɛ nneɛma a wɔyɛ no mu nkɔso a ɛyɛ ahabammono na ahobammɔ wom ho nkuran na ama adetɔfo anya nneɛma a ɛne mmara hyia na wotumi de ho to so.
Paw yɛn BPA, ka yɛn ho bom yɛ nkɔso a ɛkɔ so wɔ nneɛma a ɛyɛ adwuma yiye ho, hyia nsɛnnennen, na fa mfaso kɛse ba.